Issue 28

Innovations in Ophthalmic Corticosteroid Delivery
Michael J. Allingham, MD, M

Controlling Inflammation After Corneal Cross-linking
William B. Trattler, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Differentiate virus-clearing immunity from pathologic immune processes.

• Discuss current and pipeline agents for the treatment of viral infection-related ocular inflammatory processes.

• Describe the mechanisms of neuroinflammation in GON.

• Understand the role of neuroprotective medication in glaucoma treatment.

Issue 27

Controlling Inflammation Associated with Viral Ocular Infection
Elizabeth Viriya, MD and Francis Mah, MD

Neuroinflammatory Processes in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
Stephen D. Anesi, MD, FACS

Learning Objectives:

• Differentiate virus-clearing immunity from pathologic immune processes.

• Discuss current and pipeline agents for the treatment of viral infection-related ocular inflammatory processes.

• Describe the mechanisms of neuroinflammation in GON.

• Understand the role of neuroprotective medication in glaucoma treatment.

Issue 26

Toward Dropless Inflammation Control in Cataract Surgery
Kenneth A. Beckman, MD

Essential Fatty Acids in Antiinflammatory Therapy for Dry Eye Disease
Joseph Tauber, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Devise strategies for reducing drop burden on surgical patients.

• Understand the role for and incorporate up to three new and novel antiinflammatory products or delivery techniques into routine surgical practice,

• Describe the different categories of EFA and their importance in maintaining ocular health.

• Understand the key clinical trials investigating EFA supplementation for DED and possible reasons for the different conclusions.

Issue 25

Intermediate Uveitis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Kana M. Rifkin, MD

Dry AMD Pathobiology: Role for Antiinflammatory Therapies?
Priyatham S. Mettu, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Identify infectious and non-infectious conditions associated with IU.

• Outline the signs and symptoms of IU and preferred treatment strategies.

• Explain leading hypotheses on AMD pathogenesis.

• Name novel anti-inflammatory target molecules in clinical or preclinical study for AMD.

Issue 24

Antiinflammatory Therapies for Uveitic Glaucoma
Valerie Trubnik, MD, FACS

Contact Lens Wear, Inflammation, and Disease
Bennie H. Jeng, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Describe the mechanisms of ocular hypertension in uveitic glaucoma.

• Formulate appropriate treatment plans directed at inflammation and raised IOP, respectively, for patients presenting with uveitic glaucoma.

• Identify and better manage contact lens discomfort.

• Differentiate inflammatory from infectious keratitis.

Issue 23

The Role of Inflammation in Diabetic Eye Disease
Daniel F. Kiernan, MD

Antiinflammatory Effects of Amniotic Membrane
Scheffer CG Tseng, MD, PhD

Learning Objectives:

• Summarize the evidence pointing to inflammation as a component of diabetic eye disease.

• Apply evidence from published studies to the antiinflammatory treatment of diabetic macular edema. 

• Explain amniotic membrane therapy’s role in the treatment of inflammatory ocular surface disease, specifically dry eye disease (DED).

• Describe amniotic membrane’s therapeutic actions and ophthalmic uses.

Issue 22

Prophylaxis and Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis
Richard W. Yee, MD

The Potential Complications of Topical Antiinflammatory Agents
Victor L. Perez, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Differentiate seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) from other allergic eye diseases.

• Plan a prophylaxis approach to SAC.

• Discuss the potential adverse effects associated with different classes of topical antiinflammatory agents.

• Optimize antiinflammatory regimens for chronic ocular surface disorders by minimizing drugs’ side effects. 

Issue 21

Postsurgical Inflammation in MIGS
Thomas W. Samuelson, MD

Advances in Antiinflammatory Treatment for Uveitis Quan Dong Nguyen, MD, MSc, FAAO

Learning Objectives:

• Understand the various MIGS options and their general characteristics.

• Outline the postsurgical management of inflammation and IOP for different MIGS.

• Understand and implement a stepwise approach to treating uveitis when appropriate.

• Identify new uveitis therapies with the potential to modify their treatment paradigm.

Issue 20

New and Emerging Approaches to Ocular Surface Inflammation
Stephen Pflugfelder, MD

Inflammation Management and Prevention of Corneal Graft Rejection
Pedram Hamrah, MD, FACS

Learning Objectives:

• List three potential ocular surface anti-inflammatory drug targets and weigh the advantages of available treatments to manage inflammation in ocular surface diseases.

• Describe the immune/inflammatory pathways at work on the ocular surface.

• Identify risk factors, mechanisms, and types of corneal graft rejection.

• Compare strategies to manage inflammation and graft rejection.

Issue 19

Steroid-sparing Therapies in the Management of Ocular Inflammation
David S. Chu, MD

Management of Ocular Surface Pain
Anat Galor, MD, MSPH

Learning Objectives:

• Outline current and potential steroid-sparing drugs for the treatment of ocular inflammation.

• Apply knowledge of the different classifications and mechanisms of action of steroid-sparing therapies to treatment plans.

• Identify the possible sources of ocular surface pain and inflammation, taking into account possible systemic or neuropathic origins.

• Describe patient-tailored treatment options.

Issue 18

Managing Inflammation in Patients with Serious Allergic Conditions of the Ocular Surface
Jay S. Pepose, MD, PhD

Inflammation Control in Corticosteroid Responders
Ronald M. Caronia, MD, FACS

Learning Objectives:

• Recognize the signs and symptoms of AKC and VKC and the underlying mechanisms involved in the inflammatory process.

• Know the current management practices for the treatment of AKC and VKC.

• Understand the risk of steroid response for different patient groups and types of medication.

• Outline postsurgical management strategy to control IOP and inflammation.

Issue 17

Current and Future Practices in Long-Term Antiinflammatory Therapy for Ocular Surface Diseases
Terrence P. O’Brien, MD

Managing Inflammation After Glaucoma Surgery
Valerie Trubnik, MD, FACS

Learning Objectives:

• Optimize drug selection for the treatment of chronic inflammatory OSD.

• Improve use and monitoring of currently available antiinflammtory medication available for long-term use.

• Assess surgical approaches and the potential for inflammation.

• Identify symptoms of inflammation and outline postsurgical management.

Issue 16

Inflammation Control Following Refractive Surgery
Stephen Lane, MD

Immunity, Inflammation, and Hydration of the Ocular Surface
Stephen C. Pflugfelder, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Understand the variables that influence association between ocular surface inflammation associated with refractive surgery.

• Reduce ocular surface inflammation in refractive surgery patients. 

• Describe the immunoinflammatory pathway underlying DED. 

• Improve management of DED by focusing treatment strategy on the prevention and treatment of ocular surface inflammation.

Issue 15

Ocular Surface Consequences of Systemic Inflammatory Diseases
Laura M. Periman, MD

Blepharitis and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Kenneth A. Beckman, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Make earlier diagnosis of dry eye associated with an underlying systemic inflammatory condition.

• Engage in a multidisciplinary clinical approach to systemic inflammatory disease with ocular surface consequences.

• Distinguish anatomic sites of blepharitis.

• Better manage patients with anterior blepharitis or MGD.

Issue 14

Diagnosing Dry Eye
Eric D. Donnenfeld, MD

Ocular Surface Disease among Glaucoma Patients: A Review
Richard A. Lewis, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Approximate patient risk for dry eye disease.

• Design a protocol for detecting and diagnosing MGD in the clinic.

• Evaluate a glaucoma patient for ocular surface disease.

• Manage ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients.

Issue 13

Advances in Antiinflammatory Therapy for Dry Eye
Shachar Tauber, MD

Inflammation Control Before and After Cataract Surgery
Sheri Rowen, MD
 
Learning Objectives:

• Examine the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of dry eye.

• Formulate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing the ocular surface inflammation associated with dry eye.

• Improve outcomes of cataract surgery by identifying and treating preexisting dry eye.

• Minimize postoperative inflammation with appropriate anti-inflammatory therapies. 

Issue 12

NSAIDs and the Ocular Surface: What are the Concerns Today? 
Rajesh K. Rajpal, MD

Corticosteroids for Ocular Surface Inflammatory Disorders
Michael B. Raizman, MD
 

Learning Objectives:

• Identify patients at high risk for NSAID-associated adverse events.

• Describe a strategy for long-term antiinflammatory treatment of ocular inflammation that minimizes the risks associated with long-term steroid exposures.

• Devise topical NSAID regimens that ensure therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the risk of adverse events in the management of postsurgical complications.

Issue 11

MMP-9, Corticosteroids, and Ocular Surface Disease: A New Paradigm? 
Christopher E. Starr, MD

Antiinflammatory Prophylaxis for Cataract Surgery: Corticosteroid, NSAID, or Both? 
Derek W. DelMonte, MD

Learning Objectives:

Incorporate MMP-9 testing in to their ocular surface diagnosis and treatment protocols

• Incorporate topical NSAIDs into the perioperative and postoperative management of cataract surgery to optimize patient results.

• State the limitations to MMP-9 testing for the diagnosis of dry eye disease.

Issue 10

Prophylaxis for Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis
S. Lance Forstot, MD

Ocular Graft-vs-Host Disease
Penny Asbell, MD, MBA, FACS; Ying Guo, MBBS, PhD

Learning Objectives:

• Timing the administration of medication to prevent mast cell degranulation makes sense for patients with severe seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

• Gain a better clinical management of patients with ocular graft-vs-host disease that may lead to new approaches to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

Issue 9

Cataract Surgery in Uveitis Patients
Lisa Brothers Arbisser, MD

Ocular Surface Consequences of Systemic Inflammatory Disease
Esen Akpek, MD; Ying Guo, MBBS, PhD

Learning Objectives:

• Outline a practical course of action for perioperative care of uveitis patients undergoing cataract removal surgery with IOL implantation.

• Engage in a multidisciplinary clinical approach to ocular inflammatory disease associated with systemic disorders.

Issue 8

Corticosteroid Selection in Routine Cataract Surgery
Stephen S. Lane, MD

Managing Optic Neuritis
Neil R. Miller, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Select a corticosteroid for postoperative antiinflammatory prophylaxis based on a balance of patient need for potency and presence of risk factors.

• Differentiate acute demyelinating optic neuritis from other optic neuropathies based on clinical features.

Issue 7

Are We Doing Enough? Comprehensive Management of Ocular Herpetic Disease Includes Preventing Recurrences
Elisabeth J. Cohen, MD

Strategies for Inflammation Control in Known Corticosteroid Responders
Nick Mamalis, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Integrate preventive tools into management of herpetic eye disease

• Employ strategies that reduce the risks associated with use of corticosteroids in known corticosteroid responders

Issue 6

How Do Ocular Corticosteroids and NSAIDs Work? 
Daniel R. Saban, PhD

Despite Risks, Intravitreal Corticosteroid Implants Remain Useful
Peter K. Kaiser, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Evaluate the mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetic properties of ophthalmic corticosteroids and NSAIDs in order to provide the most appropriate antiinflammatory therapy for patients.

• Identify uveitis patients for whom the risks of intravitreal corticosteroid implant may outweigh the benefits.

Issue 5

Strategies for Corticosteroid Use in Common Ocular Surface Disorders
Sonia H. Yoo, MD

Current Thinking in the Antiinflammatory Treatment of Uveitis
Thomas Albini, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Reduce the risk of side effects in patients being treated with topical corticosteroid for common inflammatory conditions of the ocular surface.

• Improve treatment of patients with uveitis through identification of agents and routes of delivery shown to reduce intraocular inflammation.

Issue 4

Serious Allergic Conditions of the Ocular Surface
Jodi I. Luchs, MD

Issues in Long-term Antiinflammatory Therapy
Michael B. Raizman, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Adopt strategies for effective treatment of serious ocular allergy that minimize risk of medication side effects.

• Employ strategies for minimizing corticosteroid side effects in patients who require chronic management of severe ocular inflammation.

Issue 3

Topical Corticosteroids: Making Sense of the Options
Eric D. Donnenfeld, MD

Complications of Topical Antiinflammatory Agents
John R. Wittpenn, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Reevaluate corticosteroid regimens in light of potency and risk profile of newly available agents.

• Devise strategies to minimize risk to patients associated with antiinflammatory drugs.

Issue 2

Inflammation and Pain Control in Cataract Surgery
Uday Devgan, MD, FACS, FRCS

What is the Role of Steroids in Treating Ocular Infection? 
Thomas M. Lietman, MD; John D. Sheppard, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Adapt perioperative antiinflammatory regimens to specific patient factors in order to maximize both safety and efficacy.

• Increase the safety of their ocular infection regimens by withholding steroid treatment from inappropriate patients.

• Select an appropriate steroid for intravitreal use in endophthalmitis.

Issue 1

Prevention of Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema
Keith A. Walter, MD

New Perspectives on Ocular Antiinflammatory Drugs
Pravin U. Dugel, MD; Terrence P. O’Brien, MD

Learning Objectives:

• Formulate effective, efficient prophylactic antiinflammatory regimens for cataract surgery patients.

• Discern patients at increased of pseudophakic CME.

• Explain how anterior segment surgery can produce inflammatory damage in the posterior segment and cite ways to prevent this from occurring.